What is dyscalculia?

Dyscalculia is a learning difficulty linked to number sense and understanding. It primarily affects a person’s ability to:
• Understand numerical concepts (e.g., what “five” or “ten” represent)
• Perform calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
• Recognise number relationships (e.g., bigger vs. smaller, sequencing)
• Use mathematical symbols (+, −, ×, ÷)
• Tell time, estimate, or manage money
It is not caused by low intelligence or poor teaching—people with dyscalculia are often just as capable in other areas of learning.

Can you have maths learning difficulties but not be dyscalculic?

Yes. Maths learning difficulties cover a wide range of challenges. Dyscalculia is a specific, persistent difficulty with numbers, but other factors—such as dyslexia, ADHD, or anxiety—can also impact how someone learns maths, even if they don’t meet the criteria for dyscalculia.

How can I support someone who is dyscalculic?

Many maths difficulties arise when learners are taught in a purely procedural way, focusing on symbols without understanding what they represent. Children with dyscalculia benefit from revisiting core concepts, such as number bonds, and using hands-on, practical resources to make sense of the maths behind the symbols.

Below are some really helpful sources of support:

British Dylexia Association website https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/dyscalculia

Dyscalculia Network https://dyscalculianetwork.com/

Maths explained www.stevechinn.co.uk

Ronit Bird Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gstqj5sEEoo

Emerson, J. & Babtie, P. (2015) Understanding Dyscalculia and Numeracy Difficulties. London: Jessica Kingsley

Hornigold, J. (2015) Dyscalculia Pocket Book. Winchester: Teacher’s Pocket Books

Hornigold, J. (2017) Understanding Learning Difficulties in Maths: Dyscalculia, Dyslexia or Dyspraxia. London: McGraw-Hill

Ronit Bird – Workbooks and ebooks Moorcraft Paul (2014) It Just Doesn’t Add up. St Albans: Tarquin